Control y Regulación de las Empresas de Seguridad Privada en América Latina y el Caribe: un análisis comparativo

• Autor: Francesca Caonero - William Godnick -Sonia Fernández - Julián Bustamante - Samanta Natenzon
• Páginas: 175-241

Control y Regulación

de las Empresas de

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comparativo

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Samanta Natenzon

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marcos legales para regular adecuadamente el fenómeno de la

privatización de la seguridad. Entre estas iniciativas se puede

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un marco universal en el que se regulen estas empresas.

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con las diferentes normativas nacionales existentes. El objetivo de

este estudio es identificar sí los Estados cumplen ya con algunas

provisiones de este proyecto y de qué manera.

Con base en el estudio de las leyes nacionales sobre seguridad

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las diferentes provisiones de este documento sobre las que las

diferentes normativas nacionales de varios países de América

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Como resultado de este contraste jurídico se puede observar que

algunos Estados de la región recogen en su orden legal aspectos

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estipulan disposiciones muy específicas en la materia que pueden

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que respecta al control y a la regulación de empresas de seguridad

privada.

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Mercenario; Seguridad pública; Seguridad privada; Armas de

fuego; Servicios de patrullas; guardaespaldas; logística a valores

y vigilancia

States and different international players have drafted legal frameworks

to adequately regulate the phenomenon of privatization of security.

Among these initiatives is the Project for a Possible Convention on

Private Military and Security Companies, prepared with guidance

from the United Nations Human Rights Council. The objective of this

proposed convention is to provide a universal framework to regulate

these companies.

The United Nations Regional Center for Peace, Disarmament and

Development in Latin America and the Caribbean (UNLIREC) has

studied this Proposed Convention and contrasted it with existing

national regulations. The objective of this study is to identify whether

and how States already comply with some of the provisions contained

in this proposal.

Based on the study of national private security law, UNLIREC has

contrasted it with the Convention Proposal identifying the different items

in this document that are referred to in the different national regulations

from various countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.

As a result of this legal contrast, it can be observed that laws in some

States in the region include significant legal aspects put forth in the

Proposed Convention, such as licenses, registry and training. Other

States go beyond that, stipulating specific regulations that can be

noted. Others, on the contrary, lack any provisions regarding control and

regulation of private security providers.

Key Words: Privatization of Security, private security guards, private

security companies, Possible Convention on Private Military and Private

Security Companies (PMCs), Private Investigations, Mercenary, Public

Security, Private Security, Firearms, Surveillance services, body guards,

logistics and surveillance of valuables

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Bustamante y Samanta Natenzon

Acrónimos

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de Bolivia

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ONUDDc(SQ%/%+' de las J'/%:+!8(K+%&'8 contra la Droga y el Delito

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sus aspectos

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de Desarme con el propósito de dar a conocer y contextualizar el fenómeno de la expansión

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respuestas jurídicas encaminadas a afrontar este fenómeno se basa en un contraste entre

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legislaciones nacionales vigentes. No obstante, el objetivo principal es reflexionar sobre las

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privada dentro del Estado de Derecho. Asimismo, el artículo llama la atención sobre las

implicancias de esta actividad de índole privada para la esfera de la se guridad pública.

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Introducción

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como el crimen organizado, el tráfico de drogas, armas y personas y

la proliferación de diversas expresiones de la violencia juvenil como las

pandillas, se posiciona cada vez más como un asunto prioritario en la agenda

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en la capacidad de muchos Estados de la región para proporcionar el

bien público de la seguridad física de las personas y sus bienes ha tenido

como consecuencia el aumento de la presencia de empresas que prestan

servicios de seguridad privada, muchas veces con agentes armados. Sin

embargo, este hecho no ha conducido necesariamente a mejores niveles

de seguridad.

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sectores piden recuperar el monopolio del uso de la fuerza coercitiva por

parte del Estado y otros buscan promover sistemas mixtos público-privados

en la provisión de la seguridad. Independientemente de las posiciones

particulares es claro que el crecimiento de la industria del sector privado no

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que las empresas que prestan servicios de seguridad, en particular las que

hacen uso de las armas de fuego en el ejercicio de sus labores, lo hagan

dentro del Estado de Derecho.

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empresas militares y de seguridad privadas en contextos de conflicto

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luego, dichas iniciativas apuntan en una dirección positiva pero no enfrentan

integralmente la problemática de la privatización de la seguridad que se

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en este informe, la naturaleza de las empresas de seguridad privada en

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diferentes iniciativas internacionales encaminadas a afrontar el fenómeno

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prescripciones del proyecto de una posible Convención sobre las Empresas

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